现在进行时
什么是时态:
即时间和形态,不同时间所体现出来的形态不一样。英文中时态的不同通过动词
来体现。即动词的形态随着时间的改变而改变。
含义:
表示正在进行的动作
结构:
am/is/are + doing(动词的现在分词)
注意:
am/is/are 更具主语的不同,使用的be动词也不同
I am doing ……
He/She/It is doing ……
We/You/They are doing ……
巧记:
我用am
,你用are
,is
用于它他她。单数全部用is
,复数全部都用are
.
{% note info %}
提示: am/is/are 在此做助动词,没有实际意义,帮助动词doing
一起做谓语。
用法:
-
表示现在正在做的事
例句:
Mon is cooking in the kitchen.
Susan is reading a book.
I am watching TV.
They are cleaning the office.
My dog is running after a cat. // 我的狗在追一直猫
-
表示现阶段正在做的事
例句:
I am studying English.
Peter is running after Susan.
否定:
 am/is/are 后加 `not`
例句:
 He isn't sleeping.
 I am not watching TV.
 They aren't running.
疑问
 am/is/are 提支主语之前,句末加问号
例句:
 Are you reading a book?
 What are you doing?
 what is Sally doing?
一般现在时
常与时间状语:often、usually、always、every、sometimes、at……
用法:
-
表示经常性习惯性的动作或存在的状态
I often get up early.
He is busy every day.
-
表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等
Susan is tall.
I like swimming.
John works hard.
-
表示客观真理
There are seven days in a week.
The earth moves around the sun.
结构:
-
主语+系统此be(am/is/are)
be之后不再有其它动词,常跟形容词、名词或介词短语做表语。
She is beautiful.
This is my dog.
Mon is in the kitchen.
-
主语+其它动词
1)主语+动词原型
I love you.
I like coffee.
You look well.
We get up at 7 in the morning.
John and tom like tea.(虽然是第三人称但不是单数)
否定:主语+don’t + 动词原形
I don’t love you.
I don’t like tea.
没有am/is/are时需要添加助动词do、does、did来构成否定句
疑问句:在主语前添加助动词do,句末加问号
Do you like coffee?
What do you like?
Which one do you want?
where do you live?
一般疑问句的回答用
do
的简略形式:Yes,I do. No,I don’t.
2)主语+动词第三人称单数
Linda likes music.
My brother likes grapes.
Blake likes steak.
否定:主语+doesn’t+动词原形
Does Linda like music?
Linda doesn’t like music.
一般过去时
用法:
-
表示过去某个特定时间点的状态或动作
I bought a dictionary yesterday.
He was a doctor a year ago.
-
过去某段时间内的习惯、反复发生的动作
When he was a child, he often went the bed.
-
当谈到已故的人的时候
Luxun was a great writer.
结构:
-
主语+be的过去式(was,were)
am->was
is->was
are->were
Jimmy was ill last week.
I was at the dentish’s yesterday.
It was cold yesterday.
We were home yesterday.
I was tired last night.
提示: 天气、时间等用
it
做主语。例句比较:
I am a teacher.
I was a teacher.
We are good friends.
We were good friends.
否定疑问:
把
was
和were
看作时am/is/are
使用,变为否定和疑问句。 -
主语+动词过去式(使用于任何人称)
例句:
He jumped off the wall.
He worked very late last night.
I arrived home late.
He said nothing.
We finished the work.
比较:
I love you. I loved you.
否定:动词前加
didn't
,把动词改回原形
I didn't work yesterday. He didn't come. We didn't finish the work.
疑问:主语前加
did
,动词改为原形Did he phone you yesterday? What did you say? What did you do yesterday? Did you enjoy yourself last night? Tom washed the dishes.
现在完成时
结构:
has/have+动词过去分词
过去分词形式通常与过去式一样,不规则动需单独记忆。
has/have为助动词(否定句、疑问句不需要在加助动词)
否定疑问在has/have上发生变化(hasn’t / haven’t)
用法:
-
动词在过去已经发生,但对想在的影响依然存在,而且具体发生时间不明,
一但具体时间确定,就必须使用一般 过去式
。just(刚刚)
already(已经)
yet(还,任然)
never(从不)
ever(曾经)
例句:
He has already left.
I have already finished my work.
We have already had breakfast.
I have already had 3 cups of coffee.
My brother has just arrived in Beijing.
-
表示一直延续到现在的动作
常出现
for、since、so far
for:时间段
since:时间点
例句:
I have lived in Beijing for 12 years. // 我在北京已经居住了12年了
I have lived in Beijing since 2002.//从2002年开始我就居住在北京了
So far,we haven’t seen each other.// 到目前位置,我们还没有见过面
-
例句比较
I am a teacher.// 一般现在时,我是一名老师
I was a teacher 12 years ago.// 一般过去式,我12年前时老师
I have been a teacher for 12 years.// 现在完成时,我已经当老师12年了
一般将来时
含义:
表示从现在看将来要发生的动作或情况。
常与将来的时间状语连用:tomorrow、next week
结构:
will/shall + 动词原形
will:可用于任何人称,常和主语写为 ’ ll ,否定缩写为 ‘ won’t
will/shall 为情态动词,不随主语的改变而改变,所有情态动词后接动词原形
例句:
- I’ll leave Beijing tomorrow.
- It’ll snow tonight.
- It will not snow tonight.
- Will you miss me?// 你会想我吗?
- I was,am and will be you friend.
- He will move house.
- Will you call me tonight?
- I will not come tomorrow.=>I won’t come tomorrow.
过去将来时
表示从过去看将来要发生的动作
结构:
will的过去式==would
would + 动词原形
He said he wouldn’t come tomorrow.
过去进行时
表示过去某个时间段或某个时间点正在进行的动作
结构:
was/were + doing
例句:
- She was swimming yesterday afternoon.
- I was sleeping at ten last night.
过去进行时经常与 when、as、while引导的时间状语用于从句中,用于说明主句动作发生的背景。when、as、while可以替换使用。
例句:
- When I was cooking,he called.
- When he was crossing the street,he slipped.
- While we were having dinner,the doorbell ring.
疑问否定:
过去进行时存在助动词
,所以疑问句和否定句在助动词
上发生变化。
否定疑问例句:
- You were not listening to me.
- Were you listening to me?
- How were you feeling at that time?
- Yesterday while I was walking home,I saw car accident.
- Were you talking to me?
- Who were you talking to just now?
动词的现在分词
-
一般动词在词尾加
ing
read--------reading
cook-------cooking
-
以不发音的
e
结尾的动词,去e
加ing
make-------making
type--------typing
come------coming
-
以重度闭音节结尾的动词,双写最后一个辅音在加
ing
最后三个字母(辅音–元音–辅音)然后重度的单词为重读音
put—putting
run—running
begin–beginning
sharpen–sharpening
动词的第三人称单数
-
一般动词在词尾加
s
like-----likes
run----runs
live—lives
work—works
-
以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,把
y
变i
在加es
cry—cries
fly—flies
study—studies
buy—buys(不满足直接加
s
) -
以
s、x、ch、sh、o
结尾的动词,词尾加es
teach—teaches
wash—washes
fix—fixes
动词的过去式
不规则动词的过去式
- say------said
- do------did
- go-------went
- come-----came
- break----broke
- tell------told
- ………………
有规则动词的过去式
-
一般动词加
ed
call------called
answer----answered
finish----finished
-
以
e
结尾的动词只加d
phone—phoned
believe------believed
agree------agreed
-
以辅音字母+
y
结尾的动词y
变i
在家ed
cry-----cried
try-----tried
study----studied
enjoy----enjoied
play----plaied
-
以重度闭音节结尾的动词,双写最后一个辅音字母加
ed
stop-----stopped
beg-----begged
fit----fitted
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